Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), heart diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Polygalin C (PC) isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt. in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Based on Oil Red O assay results, PC significantly decreased lipid accumulation compared to the control. We found that PC suppressed adipogenesis transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and lipogenic factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP 1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, PC inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B (MAPK/Akt) signaling pathways. Additionally, we confirmed that PC inhibited early adipogenesis factors C/EBP β and C/EBP δ. Therefore, PC inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis in vitro. Thus, PC appears to exert potential therapeutic effects on obesity by suppressing lipid metabolism.
Highlights
Obesity, which is characterized by an increase in the number and size of adipocytes due to the imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, is a major cause of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, hyperlipidemia, simple hepatic steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1,2].Anti-obesity drugs are important for the purpose of treatment for weight loss and for the improvement of the aforementioned diseases
We evaluated the effect of Polygalin C (PC) on the viability of adipocytes in 3T3-L1 cells using two types of cell viability assays, MTT assay and LDH release assay
50 μM did not affect the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and determined the optimal PC
Summary
Anti-obesity drugs are important for the purpose of treatment for weight loss and for the improvement of the aforementioned diseases. Drug Administration (FDA)-approved synthetic drugs, as well as obesity therapy, have been reported to be helpful in weight loss and the management of metabolic diseases, but they have side effects when used for long periods [3,4,5]. In the development of obesity, differentiation from preadipocytes to adipocytes is an important process that causes hypertrophy and proliferation of adipose tissue [8,9]. Inhibiting differentiation into adipocyte s may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity [10]
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