Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions.MethodsAntinociceptive activity of TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced nociception in mice while the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Levels of nitrite, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assayed in carrageenan-induced paw tissue.ResultsTADP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. TADP (100–400 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent significant inhibition of the acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive activity of TADP in the presence of naloxone and atropine was not reversed whereas yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly reversed it. TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the swelling in the carrageenan-induced oedema model and also produced a reduction in the nitrite and myeloperoxidase level. TADP (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increase glutathione level in the carrageenan-induced rat paw. TADP significantly decrease the number of cellular infiltrates in the histopathological assessment.ConclusionThese results indicate that polyherbal product containing blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, hence represents a promising alternative remedy in inflammation-induced pain.
Highlights
Pain is an unpleasant experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage [1] and it is known to be sensory and it is experienced emotionally
Extraction of herbal mixtures Dried leaves of O. gratissimum and P. guajava blended together at a ratio of 2:1 and known as traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP). 100 g of the powdered mixture was soaked in 500 mL of distilled water for 24 h as described by Awodele et al [14]. ,The extract was separated by filtration in white muslin cloth and doubly filtered through a cotton wool fixed in a funnel
Effect of TADP in hot plate test Oral treatment of TADP at 100 mg/mL did not significantly change the latency time in the hot plate test at 55 °C compared with the vehicle-treated animals whereas TADP 200 and 400 mg/kg and Pethidine (5 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the maximal possible effect (Fig. 1a)
Summary
Pain is an unpleasant experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage [1] and it is known to be sensory and it is experienced emotionally. It is unarguably one of the serious problems globally and as such has lost its defensive mechanisms [2]. Acute inflammatory pain causes much suffering and turned to be intractable as a result of poor and ineffective treatment [7]. Inflammatory pain though a common clinical symptom still lacks effective treatment as the most frequently used agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are associated with adverse effects [6, 8]. To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions
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