Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare disease with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis that affects young women. Its diagnosis can be delayed because of the nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms in the foreground. This article describes the details of a recent complicated case of a patient with this condition which is related to an ovarian teratoma. Correct diagnostic and prompt treatment of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis remains a serious clinical challenge due to its unspecific manifestations and varying response to treatments. The information will be of interest to clinicians working with encephalitis patients.
Highlights
Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an immune-mediated syndrome which is characterized by psychosis, seizures, sleep disorders, hallucinations and short-term memory loss [1] [2]
This syndrome has been predominantly described in young females (81%), and ovarian teratoma is the confirmed tumour associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies [3]
One multi-centre prospective epidemiological study demonstrated that anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis accounted for 4% of all encephalitis cases [4]
Summary
Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an immune-mediated syndrome which is characterized by psychosis, seizures, sleep disorders, hallucinations and short-term memory loss [1] [2]. This syndrome has been predominantly described in young females (81%), and ovarian teratoma is the confirmed tumour associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies [3]. One multi-centre prospective epidemiological study demonstrated that anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis accounted for 4% of all encephalitis cases [4]. The signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, which makes the diagnosis difficult. The authors present a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with frustrated diagnosis course
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