Abstract
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein molecule with a molecular weight of 140-kDa linked to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Research on the use of AMH in livestock has gained momentum in recent years. In particular, it is now widely used in cattle breeding, where embryo transfer technology is used to obtain more offspring from genetically superior females. One of the most important factors that increase the success of embryo transfer is the response of the selected donor to the superovulation protocol. AMH has been successfully used as a biomarker in predicting superovulation response in cattle and in estimating the numbers of oocytes collected by ovum pick up (OPU). AMH plasma concentrations are positively and highly correlated with antral follicle count (AFC) in cattle and can also be used as a marker of ovarian reserve. In addition, AMH was also positively and highly correlated with the number of corpus luteum (CL) and total embryos after superovulation in several studies. It has been also reported via Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) that plasma AMH level is an inherited trait in cattle and can be improved through genomic selection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma AMH levels and superovulation response in cattle by compiling the data obtained from various studies in light of current scientific literature.
Highlights
In mammals, for normal sexual development to occur, one of the Wolffian or Müllerian ducts found in mammalian embryos must develop while the other regresses
While the Wolffian duct differentiates with stimulation of testosterone produced from fetal leydig cells in males, Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) expressed from sertoli cells of fetal testes activates the regression of the Müllerian duct through apoptosis of the epithelial cell
Researchers have shown that plasma AMH levels can be used as an endocrine marker for the prediction of superovulation response (Rico et al, 2009)
Summary
For normal sexual development to occur, one of the Wolffian or Müllerian ducts found in mammalian embryos must develop while the other regresses. While the Wolffian duct differentiates with stimulation of testosterone produced from fetal leydig cells in males, Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) expressed from sertoli cells of fetal testes activates the regression of the Müllerian duct through apoptosis of the epithelial cell. In females, it is secreted by the granulosa cells of the developing follicles and plays an inhibitory role on the primordial follicles in folliculogenesis (Jost, 1953; Josso et al, 1993; Behringer et al, 1994). Researchers have shown that plasma AMH levels can be used as an endocrine marker for the prediction of superovulation response (Rico et al, 2009)
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