Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a worrisome superbug. This work aimed at studying the effects of two class IIb bacteriocins, enterocins DD28 and DD93 as anti-MRSA agents. Thus, these bacteriocins were purified, from the cultures supernatants of Enterococcus faecalis 28 and 93, using a simplified purification procedure consisting in a cation exchange chromatography and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-Staphylococcal activity was shown in vitro by the assessment of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), followed by a checkerboard and time-kill kinetics experiments. The data unveiled a clear synergistic effect of enterocins DD28 and DD93 in combination with erythromycin or kanamycin against the clinical MRSA-S1 strain. Besides, these combinations impeded as well the MRSA-S1 clinical strain to setup biofilms on stainless steel and glace devices.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is among the five top pathogens found as normal resident of the skin and nasal flora in at least 25–30% of healthy humans, and it is associated with hospital acquired (HA-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and community acquired (CA-MRSA) infections ranging from superficial wound infections to life-threatening deep infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome (David and Daum, 2010)
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were similar for S. epidermidis and S. aureus ATCC 33862, but they were twice higher for MRSA ATCC 43300, MRSAS1 and MRSA-S2 strains
We have proceeded with MRSA-S1 strain that was previously isolated from the blood of an 83 years old patient and studied for its susceptibility to chromagranin-derived peptides (Aslam et al, 2013)
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is among the five top pathogens found as normal resident of the skin and nasal flora in at least 25–30% of healthy humans, and it is associated with hospital acquired (HA-MRSA) and community acquired (CA-MRSA) infections ranging from superficial wound infections to life-threatening deep infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome (David and Daum, 2010). Antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming capabilities contribute to the success of S. aureus as a harsh human pathogen in the healthcare as well as in the community settings. The last decade has seen a welcome increase in the number of agents available for the treatment of MRSA including antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, linezolid, rifampin, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as daptomycin, tigecycline, and mainly vancomycin. Susceptibility to vancomycin was first reported in 1996 in Japan, leading to emergence of heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin phenotype (Spagnolo et al, 2014). MRSA with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin was reported in ocular infections, and there was a rise in S. aureus resistance to new and old generation fluoroquinolones that were commonly used for prophylaxis after intravitreal injections and intraocular surgeries (Sadaka et al, 2015).
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