Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that becomes the main concern since it is a multidrug-resistant organism and causes high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, peel, and fruit flesh on MRSA. This study was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test only control group design to assess the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract from leaves, peel, and fruit flesh of Phaleria macrocarpa against MRSA ATCC 43300 and MRSA clinical isolates using a disk diffusion method. Extracts from the leaves, peel, and flesh of Phaleria macrocarpa had potential as an antibacterial agent against MRSA ATCC 43300 at a concentration of 40%, although not yet equivalent to antibiotic control. The ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa peel at a concentration of 30-40% had potential as an antibacterial agent against MRSA clinical isolates, although not yet equivalent to antibiotic control. Further research needs to be performed so that Phaleria macrocarpa extract can be a potential source of subsequent antibacterial development against MRSA.
Highlights
Infectious diseases still become a serious problem, mainly because of the widespread antimicrobial resistance [1]
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that gets the main concern because it causes various infections of life-threatening diseases, such as skin infection, pneumonia, health-careassociated infection, bacteremia, and sepsis [2,3]
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug resistance organism (MDRO) that resists to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones [4]
Summary
Infectious diseases still become a serious problem, mainly because of the widespread antimicrobial resistance [1]. They have been among the leading causes of death and rising health-care costs, especially in developing countries. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that gets the main concern because it causes various infections of life-threatening diseases, such as skin infection, pneumonia, health-careassociated infection, bacteremia, and sepsis [2,3]. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causes high morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In January 2017, World Health Organization (WHO) stated that MRSA is one of the 12 deadliest drug-resistant bacteria [5]
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