Abstract
In this study, in order to explore the anti-melanogenic effect of PFE (Paederia foetida L. extract) and suggest its availability, B16F10 cells, which are murine melanoma cells, were stimulated with alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to conduct an in vitro experiment. Treatment with PFE in B16F10 cells with activated melanogenesis due to stimulants showed that PFE significantly inhibits melanin content as well as intracellular tyrosinase activity within a range that does not cause cytotoxicity. In addition, Western blot assay demonstrated that PFE strongly inhibited the protein expression of not only tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, -2, and tyrosinase, but also microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, mechanism studies have shown that PFE processing inhibited the activation of melanin production by regulating the phosphorylation of each mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in the MAPK signaling pathway. To test the biocompatibility of PFE on human skin, a primary skin irritation test was performed. The results revealed that PFE did not have any side effects on human skin. These findings suggest that PFE holds great potential as a skin whitening agent and in the prevention of hyperpigmentation disorders.
Highlights
Melanin is present extensively in the tissues of the skin, eyes, and hair of mammals.Melanin is synthesized in melanosomes in the cytoplasm of melanocytes, which are dendritic cells; its expression is regulated by various mechanisms within the cells and is transferred to surrounding keratinocytes
This study confirmed whether there is an effect of inhibiting melanin production by treating Paederia foetida L. extract (PFE) to B16F10 cells with increased melanin production due to alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulation
This study is the first to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PFE on melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells
Summary
Melanin is present extensively in the tissues of the skin, eyes, and hair of mammals. Whitening agents currently used in the cosmetic field include arbutin and kojic acid, which inhibit the tyrosinase activity, and L-ascorbic acid and glutathione, which inhibit melanin synthesis. Since these compounds are decomposed or have low stability, they are used only in a limited amount as additives, so development of whitening agents using natural products is required [24]. This study confirmed whether there is an effect of inhibiting melanin production by treating Paederia foetida L. extract (PFE) to B16F10 cells with increased melanin production due to alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulation It checked how PFE regulates each signaling pathway in the cell through a mechanism study
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