Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is one of the major public health problems in Nepal because of its increasing disease morbidity and mortality. The main purpose of this study was to determine the anti-JEV IgM positivity among acute encephalitis syndromic cases from all over Nepal. The present study was conducted at National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal from April 2015 to October 2015. A total of 671 (418 CSF and 253 serum) samples were collected from 625 patients with acute encephalitic syndrome, admitted to different hospitals from all over Nepal. IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of anti-JEV IgM positive cases. The rate of anti-JEV IgM positivity was found to be 21.12%. The majority of positive cases (50%) were from the age group below 15 years, with the highest numbers of cases occurring in September (55.30%). Among all the anti-JEV IgM positive cases, higher numbers of cases were males. Geographically, the highest numbers of anti-JEV IgM positive cases were recorded from Terai region. Similarly, largest numbers of anti-JEV IgM positive cases were reported from Kailai district followed by those from Kanchanpur. However, anti-JEV IgM positive cases were also reported from hill districts. Continuation of active surveillance and vector control measures, proper management of diagnostic facilities and expanded program of immunization in JE endemic areas should be strongly emphasized to reduce the endemicity of the disease.
Highlights
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito borne disease caused by a single stranded, positivesense RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus [1]
The committee waived the need for a written informed consent as no additional tests were performed apart from the analysis of the samples needed for the routine clinical evaluation of the patients with acute encephalitis syndrome
Highest numbers of patients with acute encephalitis syndrome were in the age group 0–15 years followed by those in the age group 16–30 years
Summary
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito borne disease caused by a single stranded, positivesense RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus [1]. It is one of the most common viral encephalitis, mainly prevalent in eastern and southern regions of Asia covering an area with a population of more than three billion [1]. JE do not show symptoms but symptomatic cases may have high morbidity and mortality [2]. The symptomatic cases may have mortality rate up to 30% and around 50% of survivors may have persistent neuropsychiatric sequelae [2]. Human get infected when bitten by an infected mosquito and are a dead end host as there is no human to human transmission [3]
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