Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute, generalized vasculitis, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in childhood. The incidence of KD is increasing worldwide. There are numerous international treatment guidelines. Our study aims to perform the first one so far comparison of them. While the gold standard therapy remains still the same (intravenous immunoglobulins and aspirin), there is currently a lack of evidence for choosing optimal treatment for high-risk patients and refractory KD. In this review, we also discuss the treatment of complications of KD and Kawasaki-like phenotypes, present an anti-inflammatory treatment in the light of new scientific data, and present novel potential therapeutic targets for KD.
Highlights
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic, vasculitis, most commonly occurring in children under 5 years of age
The systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration states that coronary artery abnormalities (CAL) development can be reduced by a single dose of 2 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) given before the 10th day after onset, high-dose IVIG is still the first-line treatment of KD according to all current guidelines (Table 1) [24]
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an alternative name proposed in the United States of America (USA) and adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO)
Summary
Ksiaz ̇ yk J (2021) Anti-inflammatory Treatment of Kawasaki Disease: Comparison of Current Guidelines and Perspectives. Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute, generalized vasculitis, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in childhood. The incidence of KD is increasing worldwide. Our study aims to perform the first one so far comparison of them. While the gold standard therapy remains still the same (intravenous immunoglobulins and aspirin), there is currently a lack of evidence for choosing optimal treatment for high-risk patients and refractory KD. We discuss the treatment of complications of KD and Kawasaki-like phenotypes, present an anti-inflammatory treatment in the light of new scientific data, and present novel potential therapeutic targets for KD
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