Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to document the rarely explored plants, namely, Cuscuta reflexa (CRA) and Cocculus hirsutus (CHP) used by the ethnic people of a specific region. The anti-inflammatory (AI) property of kwath of CRA (KCRA), kwath of CHP (KCHP), and their blend (kwath blend [KB]) was also assessed.
 Methods: The KCRA and KCHP were prepared following standard Ayurvedic procedures. The AI property was determined by carrageenan-induced paw edema at doses; 250, 125, and 62.5 mg/kg. The KB (500 mg/kg) was prepared using equal parts of KCRA and KCHP in view of the potential AI property as compared to the individual plants. Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg) was used as the standard AI drug standard drug (SD).
 Results: The carrageenan-induced paw inflammation was highest and doubled at 3 h. The oral administration of SD (100 mg/kg) produced a high reduction of edema (78.47%) at 3 h. Both KCRA and KCHP had reduced edema and were equally potent (EC50; 139.8 and 147.3 mg/kg, respectively) at the early phase. However, the efficacy of KCRA was greater than KCHP at the second phase of inflammation (EC50=313.6 and 2760 mg/kg, respectively). KCRA was efficacious and potent as an AI agent. Unlike SD, KB had effectively inhibited paw edema from the 6th h onward. The AI activity of KB was superior compared to individual plant groups.
 Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the traditional formulation – kwath of rarely explored plants, namely, CRA, CHP, and KB has AI property and can be explored to develop them as AI agents.
Highlights
The study demonstrated that the traditional formulation – kwath of rarely explored plants, namely, Cuscuta reflexa (CRA), CHP, and KB has AI property and can be explored to develop them as AI agents
Curcuma longa, Dasamoola, Terminalia chebula, and Boerhavia diffusa are validated as potential AI agents [5,6,7,8]
The kwath of CRA (KCRA) and kwath of CHP (KCHP) were prepared by soaking 5 g of plant powder in 100 ml water individually followed by evaporating the mixture to 50% at 100°C
Summary
The study demonstrated that the traditional formulation – kwath of rarely explored plants, namely, CRA, CHP, and KB has AI property and can be explored to develop them as AI agents. The validations for anti-inflammatory (AI) properties of most of the plants are being updated. Carrageenan-induced paw edema is a standard animal model for assessing the AI activity of several natural and synthetic compounds [3,4]. The kwath of CRA (KCRA) and kwath of CHP (KCHP) were prepared by soaking 5 g of plant powder in 100 ml water individually followed by evaporating the mixture to 50% at 100°C.
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