Abstract
Background: Previous study showed that an aqueous extract of Bixa orellana L. (Family of Bixaceae) leaf (AEBO) is capable of inhibiting bradykinin (BK)-induced inflammation in animal models. Objective: This study further investigates the effect of AEBO on BK-induce inflammation in vitro model. Materials and Methods: The endothelial barrier protective effect of AEBO was examined via an in vitro endothelial permeability assay. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) was first pretreated with AEBO with a concentration range from 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/mL and then induced with BK. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated-dextran was used as an indicator of permeability flux. To elucidate its mechanism of action, the phospholipase C (PLC) – nitric oxide (NO) – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway and protein kinase C (PKC) activity were evaluated. Results: Pretreatment of AEBO significantly (P Abbreviations used: AEBO: Aqueous extract of Bixa orellana; BK: Bradykinin; PLC: Phospholipase C; NO: Nitric oxide; cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; PKC: Protein kinase C; HUVEC: Human umbilical vein endothelial cell; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
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