Abstract
Inflammation is the primary biological reaction to induce severe infection or injury in the immune system. Control of different inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor alpha-(TNF-α), noncytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), facilitates anti-inflammatory effect of different substances. Coordination metal complexes have been applied as metallo-drugs. Several metal complexes have found to possess potent biological activities, especially anticancer, cardioprotective, chondroprotective and anti-parasitosis activities. Among the metallo drugs, ruthenium-based (Ru) complexes have paid much attention in clinical applications. Despite the kinetic nature of Ru complexes is similar to platinum in terms of cell division events, their toxic effect is lower than that of cisplatin. This paper reviews the anti-inflammatory effect of novel synthetic Ru complexes with potential molecular mechanisms that are actively involved.
Highlights
Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses or fungi induce inflammation when they typically enter the body, exist in specific tissues and/or flow in the blood [1,2]
The transcription factor nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) is a noticeable controller of immune and inflammatory responses, as it is extremely associated in the pathophysiology of cancer [12,13]
In a resting condition NF-κB exists in the cytoplasm, upon activation by various inflammatory stimuli, this transcription factor translocates into the nucleus and stimulate transcription of several genes that are associated with inflammatory events [13]
Summary
Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses or fungi induce inflammation when they typically enter the body, exist in specific tissues and/or flow in the blood [1,2] Various processes such as tissue injury, cell death, cancer, ischemia and degeneration may induce inflammation [3,4,5]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a vital pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted from various cells and shows several cellular effects [6,7]. This cytokine has been connected with several disease states in humans, including cancer and psychiatric disorders. Controlling of proinflammatory mediators and NF-κB/Nrf2/HO-1 by any substances may reduce neuroinflammation and its related diseases
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