Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol on Human Retinal Pigment Cells and a Myopia Animal Model.

Yu-An Hsu,Hui-Ju Lin,Ming-Yen Wu,Lei Wan,Chih-Sheng Chen,Yao-Chien Wang,Ching-Yao Chang,En-Shyh Lin,Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen

doi:10.3390/cimb43020052

Abstract

Resveratrol is a key component of red wine and other grape products. Recent studies have characterized resveratrol as a polyphenol, and shown its beneficial effects on cancer, metabolism, and infection. This study aimed to obtain insights into the biological effects of resveratrol on myopia. To this end, we examined its anti-inflammatory influence on human retinal pigment epithelium cells and in a monocular form deprivation (MFD)-induced animal model of myopia. In MFD-induced myopia, resveratrol increased collagen I level and reduced the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression levels. It also suppressed the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Resveratrol exhibited no significant cytotoxicity in ARPE-19 cells. Downregulation of inflammatory cytokine production, and inhibition of AKT, c-Raf, Stat3, and NFκB phosphorylation were observed in ARPE-19 cells that were treated with resveratrol. In conclusion, the findings suggest that resveratrol inhibits inflammatory effects by blocking the relevant signaling pathways, to ameliorate myopia development. This may make it a natural candidate for drug development for myopia.

Highlights

Myopia is a common type of refractive error and represents a worldwide public health problem, with social and economic implications [1]
We first determined whether resveratrol influences the development of myopia, by decreasing the levels of myopia-related tissue remodeling proteins and inflammation effects in the monocular form deprivation (MFD) animal model
Resveratrol and 1% atropine were applied to the right MFD eyes and the left eyes without MFD, and the axial length was measured after 21 days

Summary

Introduction

Myopia is a common type of refractive error and represents a worldwide public health problem, with social and economic implications [1]. Recent studies have indicated that the retina, photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium play important roles in the regulation of scleral tissue remodeling, by signal activation for ocular growth and axial length [3]. Various molecules have been shown to be involved in myopia development, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and collagen I. Recent clinical and experimental studies provided evidence showing that atropine induced the downregulation of c-Fos, NF-κB, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in hamsters with monocular form deprivation (MFD)-induced myopia [9]. These findings indicate that inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of myopia

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