Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. (LO) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine for anti-inflammatory diseases. The effect of LO on atopic dermatitis has not been verified scientifically. We investigated the effects of CHCl3 fraction number 5 of LO (LOC) on atopic dermatitis through cell-based experiments. HaCaT cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ) to induce an inflammatory reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and IL-1β and chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1/CCL2), and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, the degree of phosphorylation and activation of JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were measured by western blot and luciferase assays. The production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and activation of the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways were induced by TNFα/IFNγ in HaCaT cells. Under these conditions, LOC treatment inhibited the production of targeted cytokines and chemokines and decreased the phosphorylation and activation of JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB. These results suggest that LOC reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by suppressing the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, LOC may have potential as a drug for atopic dermatitis.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease [1, 2]. is disease occurs mainly in children [3, 4]. e pathogenesis of atopy varies, with mechanisms such as allergen infiltration, an imbalance in the immune response, collapse of the skin barrier, and genetic causes [2, 5]. erefore, this disease is difficult to treat according to the exact cause in the patient [6]
E aim of this study was to identify the effects of natural products that could be used for long-term AD treatment because of their low side effects [20]. us, we examined the anti-inflammatory properties of CHCl3 fraction number 5 of LO (LOC), which blocks the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)/ interferon-gamma- (IFNc-) stimulated HaCaT cells
LO was confirmed to decrease the levels of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and various inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway [19]. erefore, the antiinflammatory effect of LOC was studied in detail in TNFα/ IFNc-stimulated HaCaT cells
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease [1, 2]. is disease occurs mainly in children [3, 4]. e pathogenesis of atopy varies, with mechanisms such as allergen infiltration, an imbalance in the immune response, collapse of the skin barrier, and genetic causes [2, 5]. erefore, this disease is difficult to treat according to the exact cause in the patient [6]. Ese acute and chronic lesions are mainly caused by T-cell-mediated immune responses. In a number of studies performed by various researchers, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induce the proliferation of keratinocytes and activate other immune cells to cause inflammation [12]. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is known to be a proinflammatory cytokine that induces an immune response through phagocytosis [13, 14]. Overproduction of these inflammatory cytokines is related to the pathophysiology of inflammatory medical disorders such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular disease [15]
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