Abstract
ObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. Recent studies suggest that S. aureus enterotoxins may play an etiologic role in the development of CRS. Apart from surgery and repeated courses of steroids, macrolide antibiotics have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in CRS. Similar effects have been reported for fluoroquinolones on various cell types. Since these effects have poorly been characterized in CRS, we examined anti-inflammatory effects of ciprofloxacin on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs).MethodsInflammation was induced in HNECs cultured from nasal turbinate mucosa with supernatants of S. aureus Newman for 12 hours. Subsequently, HNECs were coincubated with S. aureus Newman and ciprofloxacin (1.5 × 10-5 M), clarithromycin (10-6 M) or prednisolone (10-5 M) for another 12 hours. IL-8 synthesis was quantified after 12 and 24 hours by ELISA.ResultsStimulation with S. aureus Newman supernatants was associated with an increase of IL-8 synthesis after 12 hours in all experiments. During the second 12 hours, IL-8 synthesis decreased and this effect was independent from any stimulus or inhibitor. However, coincubation of HNECs with ciprofloxacin was associated with a more extensive decrease of IL-8 synthesis. Similarly, addition of clarithromycin was associated with a reduction of IL-8 synthesis although this effect was not significant. Coincubation with prednisolone resulted in a significant reduction of IL-8 levels.ConclusionCiprofloxacin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in S. aureus Newman driven nasal inflammation. Inhibitory effects were comparable to those of prednisolone and clarithromycin.
Highlights
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal mucosa that can broadly be classified in two major forms depending on the presence (CRSwNP) or absence of nasal polyps (CRSsNP) [1]
Similar to macrolides, fluoroquinolones have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects on various cell types [8]. Since these effects have poorly been characterized in CRS, we examined the effects of ciprofloxacin on the IL-8 synthesis of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) stimulated with supernatants of S. aureus Newman
Stimulation with S. aureus Newman alone was associated with an identical effect: the maximum of IL-8 synthesis was determined after 12 hours, whereas further stimulation with S. aureus Newman demonstrated decrease of IL-8 synthesis during the second 12 hours (12–24 hours)
Summary
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal mucosa that can broadly be classified in two major forms depending on the presence (CRSwNP) or absence of nasal polyps (CRSsNP) [1]. Therapy of CRSwNP often consists of repeated surgical reduction of nasal polyps and application of steroids. Application of topical steroids even over several months often cannot prevent disease reoccurrence especially in CRSwNP. This may be due to the unknown underlying chronic inflammatory process and the phenomenon of steroid resistance that has been demonstrated for (page number not for citation purposes). Alternative anti-inflammatory drugs that possess the potential to influence the chronic inflammatory process in CRSwNP are warranted
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