Abstract
The dry root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, also known as “female ginseng”, is a popular herbal drug amongst women, used to treat a variety of health issues and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the detailed molecular mechanism for anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica sinensis root water extract (ASW). The anti-inflammatory effect of ASW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages was evaluated by the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT), Griess reagent assay, multiplex cytokine assay, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Fluo-4 calcium assay. ASW restored cell viability in RAW 264.7 at concentrations of up to 200 µg/mL. ASW showed notable anti-inflammatory effects. ASW exhibited IC50 = 954.3, 387.3, 191.7, 317.8, 1267.0, 347.0, 110.1, 573.6, 1171.0, 732.6, 980.8, 125.0, and 257.0 µg/mL for interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic activating factor (MCP)-1, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, IL-10, and intracellular calcium, respectively. Additionally, ASW inhibited the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and the LPS-induced mRNA expression of CHOP (GADD153), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), first apoptosis signal receptor (FAS), and c-Fos, NOS2, and PTGS2 (COX2) in RAW 264.7 significantly (p < 0.05). Data suggest that ASW exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 via NO-bursting/calcium-mediated JAK-STAT pathway.
Highlights
Immunity is a core function of human life against pathologic infections
We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica sinensis root water extract (ASW) using multiplex cytokine assay and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages
* p < 0.05 vs. LP; ** p < 0.01 vs. LP; *** p < 0.001 vs. LP. These days, researchers have understandably started focusing on developing immuno-modulatory therapies and anti-inflammatory drugs that deal with inflammasome inhibition, pyroptosis suppression, toll-like receptor block, transcript factor deactivation, phosphoprotein dephosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinases deactivation, and so on
Summary
Immunity is a core function of human life against pathologic infections. It is our first-defense mechanism against infection as an innate immune activity. Innate immune activity includes inflammasome and pyroptosis [1]. Inflammasome (pyroptosome) provokes cytokine production and leads to programmed cell death-pyroptosis. Pyroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, is a programmed, immune cell death caused by intracellular pathogens [1]. Inflammation is indispensable during an immune reaction against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Inflammatory mediators can be produced massively against infectious pathogens, which may be hazardous to the human host. It is important to both remove pathogens, and modulate hyper-inflammatory activity and excessive production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
