Abstract
Allergic rhinitis and asthma are common chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, which are accompanied by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation and the involvement of type 2 T helper cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc is a fungal parasite on the larva of Lepidoptera. It has been considered to be a health-promoting food and, also, one of the best-known herbal remedies for the treatment of airway diseases, such as asthma and lung inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrated the antiallergic rhinitis effect of Cs-4, a water extract prepared from the mycelium culture of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk) Sacc, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice and the anti-asthmatic effect of Cs-4 in a rat model of asthma. Treatment with Cs-4 suppressed the nasal symptoms induced in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. The inhibition was associated with a reduction in IgE/OVA-IgE and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 levels in the nasal fluid. Cs-4 treatment also decreased airway responsiveness and ameliorated the scratching behavior in capsaicin-challenged rats. It also reduced plasma IgE levels, as well as IgE and eosinophil peroxidase levels, in the bronchoalveolar fluid. Cs-4 treatment completely suppressed the increases in IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in rat lung tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest that Cs-4 has the potential to alleviate immune hypersensitivity reactions in allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Highlights
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are common chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory tract.The prevalence of AR and asthma has been estimated to range from 3% to 19% and 4%, respectively, globally [1]
We aimed to investigate: (1) the antiallergic rhinitis effect of Cs-4, a water extract prepared from mycelium cultures of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk) Sacc, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice and (2) the anti-asthmatic effect of Cs-4 in a rat model of asthma
Animal models of allergic rhinitis and asthma were adopted to investigate the effects of Cs-4 treatments on nasal and airway allergies
Summary
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are common chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. The prevalence of AR and asthma has been estimated to range from 3% to 19% and 4%, respectively, globally [1]. Patients with AR present with one or more of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching [2]. Asthma is characterized by respiratory airway symptoms, including wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest [3]. As the upper respiratory mucosa is continuous with the mucosa of lower airways, up to 40% of asthmatic patients show symptoms of AR [4]. Patients with AR are likely to develop bronchial asthma three times more frequently than non-rhinitis patients [4]
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