Anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of Mitragyna speciosa methanol extract on λ-karagenan-induced inflammation model

Abstract

Introduction: Mitragyna speciosa is known to have beneficial effects, such as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. There are some components that involve in inflammatory, such as Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzymes, and also cytokines. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism of Mitragyna speciosa leaf. Methods: Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model was used for inflammation induction. Rats were given Mitragyna speciosa leaf methanol extract at a dose of 75, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Results: Intraplantar injection of carrageenan led to the development of time-dependent peripheral inflammation, which, in turn, was a significant increase in the swelling process as measured by a plethysmometer. However, administration of EMS (75,150 and 200mg/kg) can reduce edema in a dose-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that skin histology on EMS administration significantly preserved skin thickness at 4 h after carrageenan injection. Conclusion: In conclusion, we reveal the role of Mytragyna speciosa methanol extract as anti-inflammatory and maintain skin thickness in the inflammatory process.