Abstract
Inflammation is a commonly observed immune reaction, and rheumatoid arthritis is a particularly severe inflammatory disease. In this study, we used an air pouch mouse model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of Allium hookeri, which has both been used as a culinary material and a traditional medicine in south-eastern Asia for many years. Allium hookeri suppressed typical symptoms of inflammation, such as condensation of the air pouch membrane, and inhibited the expression of several inducible proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α. In order to determine the molecules modulating the inflammatory effect of carrageenan treatment, the components in Allium hookeri were analyzed by GC-MS, and linoleic acid, which have anti-inflammatory effect, was detected. From the results, we concluded that the anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri might be attributed to linoleic acid, which could be promising candidates for anti-inflammatory drugs that have no adverse effects.
Highlights
IntroductionBiological activities of A. hookeri and/or suppression of inflammation
Inflammation is the host response to stimuli and is different from infections
In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of A. hookeri, an air pouch mouse model was used and we first measured the change in inflammation-related blood cells in the exudate (Fig 1)
Summary
Biological activities of A. hookeri and/or suppression of inflammation. They are only expressed under abnormal conditions (pathological states such as during a foreign body’s invasion) and they could induce at the invasion site molecules that alarm the body to the emergency situation. [14,15] Allium species have been reported to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. [16,17,18,19] to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study on the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activities of an ethanolic extract of A. hookeri. We identified the components of A. hookeri by GC/MS, and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity using mouse model of inflammation (carrageenan induced subcutaneous air pouch). This study provides scientific information for further exploration and applications of this plant
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