Abstract
Bupleurum species represent one of the most successful and widely used herbal drugs for treatment of many diseases over the past 2000 years. Bupleurum chinense (B. chinense) is officially listed in China and Bupleurum kaoi (B. kaoi) is the only indigenous Bupleurum plant in Taiwan. Therefore, the aim of our study is to investigate the chemical components, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants of B. kaoi and B. chinense. We report highly sensitive and specific assay for anti-inflammatory with a TNF-α luciferase plasmid vector. In preliminary experiments, we found that B. kaoi have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than B. chinense. However, it was no significant difference in the free radical scavenging activities of B. kaoi and B. chinense. We also demonstrated that saikosaponins (SS) a, SSc and SSd are the major compounds of B. kaoi and B. chinense in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The SSa, SSc and SSd content in B. kaoi has been reported to be higher than that in B. chinense. We combined TLC chromatograms with hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA)to classify into B. chinense and B. kaoi. The major impact feature were Rf 0.58(SSd) and Rf 0.44(SSc) .Theses studies showed that TLC chromatograms with HCA could be as tool in to differentiation and identify different species of herbal medicine in the future.
Highlights
In traditional chinense medicine, Bupleuri Radix possesses many biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antihepatitis activity [1,2]
Among saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum, saikosaponins a (SSa) and d, not c, were demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory action [13]
In recently studies demonstrated that the Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is primarily produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts during acute inflammatory reactions
Summary
Bupleuri Radix possesses many biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antihepatitis activity [1,2]. More than 75 monomer SSs have been isolated from Radix bupleuri, only SSa, SSb2, SSc, and SSd have been pharmacologically examined [3,4,5,6,7]. Different monomer SSs have been reported to exhibit different predominant pharmacological effects. Previous studies showed that the SSa and SSd are reported to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. SSa has been shown to increase corticosterone secretion and decrease blood cholesterol, while SSd has immunoregulatory, anti-bacterial, and liver protection effects [4]. Herbal medicines come from different species within the same genera or different locations within the same species, the quality and efficacy are somewhat different according to their origins, growing conditions, and so on
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