Anti‐Inflammatory Dietary Intervention Selectively Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight Adolescents

Abstract

Anti‐inflammatory nutritional approaches may attenuate obesity‐induced insulin resistance; however results from clinical studies are inconsistent. Baseline metabotype may partially discriminate responders from non‐responders.This 8‐wk randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial assessed the determinants of inter‐subject variability in response to an anti‐inflammatory supplement containing LC n‐3 PUFA, vitamins C, E and polyphenols in overweight adolescents (n=58; age 15.9±1.6y; BMI 32.1±6.5kg/m2). Subjects who demonstrated >12.5% improvement in HOMA‐IR were considered responders.Anti‐inflammatory supplementation selectively reduced HOMA‐IR in 38% of subjects (responders; supplement ‐33.01±17.84% v placebo 14.57±54.91%, p<0.001). In comparison with non‐responders, responding subjects demonstrated an adverse pre‐treatment metabotype characterized by increased HOMA‐IR, total and LDL cholesterol and soluble CD163 (p<0.05), despite similar BMI. Additionally, changes in adiponectin concentration significantly predicted HOMA‐IR response to intervention (p=0.04). PBMC mRNA expression of adiponectin receptor 2 increased in responders only (p=0.03).Despite similar BMI to non‐responders, the insulin resistant and dyslipidemic phenotype of responders enhanced the impact of the anti‐inflammatory intervention. This illustrates potential efficacy optimization within the context of personalized nutrition.FundingNational Children's Research Centre, Ireland and SFI 11/PI/1117