Abstract
Altering the microbiota by the daily diet is highly associated with improved human health. Studies confirms the gastrointestinal protective and anti-inflammatory effects of camellia oil; however, the benefits in gut microbiota remain unclear. Camellia oils of Camellia oleifera (PCO) and C. brevistyla (TCCO) were used to evaluate probiotic growth in vitro. In addition, the protective effects of camellia oils in the acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis rat model were investigated. In vitro fermentation study showed the proliferation of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. from human intestinal microbiota was increased after TCCO treatment. Moreover, the rats pretreated with TCCO exhibited significantly less AA-induced colonic injury and hemorrhage, higher serum immunoglobulin G 1 (IgG 1) levels, lower malondialdehyde levels, and lower inflammatory cytokine production in the colon tissue compared with those in the PCO group. Surprising, the protective effect against acetic acid-induced colitis by TCCO was similar to sulfasalazine (positive control) treatment. Moreover, TCCO increased the richness and diversity of probiotics in gut microbiota. TCCO alleviated AA-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota, reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an ordinary chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammatory disease
Recent studies have shown that dietary habits are key factors that affect the composition of gut microbiota [12]. In this in vitro and in vivo study, we investigated whether camellia oils from C. oleifera and C. brevistyla can alleviate acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota
The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) showed the highest amount for TCCO (1.4 μmol of Trolox/g extract), followed by PCO
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an ordinary chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammatory disease. IBD includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which show a high prevalence, of approximately 0.3%, in Western countries [1]. The etiology of UC is not exhaustively understood, a recent study reported that UC is associated with a decrease in antioxidant capacity and results in an increase in free radical and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [2]. Colitis can lead to intestinal epithelial barrier malfunction and subsequently enhance the permeability of the barrier. Antigens enter the intestinal lumen through the permeable barrier and attract lymphocytes and macrophages to accumulate for inflammatory
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