Abstract
BackgroundOxidative stress and the inflammatory process are involved in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Juglans mollis has been reported as having antioxidant activity, which could attenuate the damage caused by I/R. We evaluated whether a methanolic extract of Juglans mollis (JM) exhibits nephroprotective activity in a Wistar rat model of I/R injury.MethodsFour groups of six rats were used: Sham, I/R, JM, and JM + I/R. Two groups were dosed with JM (300 mg/kg) for 7 days before I/R. I/R injury was induced by clamping the renal hilums for 45 min and then reperfusing the kidneys for 15 h. Blood samples were taken to evaluate the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).ResultsThe levels of creatinine, ALT, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were lower in JM + I/R than in I/R rats, whereas SOD level only was higher in JM + I/R than in Sham rats. No biochemical or histological damage was observed in JM rats compared with Sham rats; however, less histological damage was observed in JM + I/R rats compared with I/R rats.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of nephroprotective activity of J. mollis against damage induced by I/R. This activity may be related to decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and modulation of oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) observed in the present study.
Highlights
Oxidative stress and the inflammatory process are involved in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury
Serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration, an indicator of liver damage, did not differ between Sham, I/R, and Juglans mollis (JM) rats (89.00 ± 6.00 International unit (IU)/L, 86.00 ± 3.00 IU/L, and 78.00 ± 9.00 IU/L, respectively); serum ALT concentration was significantly lower in JM + IR rats (66.00 ± 9.00 IU/L) than in I/R or Sham rats (Fig. 1 c)
We found that the oxidative stress damage induced by I/R process in JM + I/R rats was attenuated when the superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration was increased
Summary
Oxidative stress and the inflammatory process are involved in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Some drugs and natural compounds, and crude extracts of certain plants with antioxidant activity, have been evaluated to determine whether they are nephroprotective in rat I/R models [7, 8]. In this context, some species of the Juglans genus exhibit diverse biological activities that may be helpful in the treatment of diseases such as diarrhea, helminthiasis, sinusitis, arthritis, stomach pain, fever, eczema, diabetes mellitus, skin disorders, asthma, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, dysfunctional thyroid, anorexia, urinary tract infection, and cancer [9,10,11,12,13]. The Juglans genus has been reported to have antihypertensive activity [14,15,16,17] as well as antioxidant, lipolytic [18], antihyperglycemic, antilipidemic [19], neuronal cellstimulating [20], and antiproliferative properties [21]
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