Abstract
Research has shown that cartilage containing chondroitin sulfate and protein presents versatile bioactivities. Chondroitin sulfate in cartilage is beneficial to activate the immune system while the protein/peptide has not been fully understood. The current study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol-soluble hydrolysates of sturgeon cartilage (ESCH) prepared through hot-pressure, enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol extraction. UV spectrum, IR and agarose gel electrophoresis results suggested the successful exclusion of chondroitin sulfate from peptides. Nitric oxide (NO) floods in cells activated by inflammation. It was inhibited when administrated with ESCH. To further explain the observed anti-inflammatory activity, ESCH was separated with Sephadex G-15 into 3 components, among which F3 showed a higher NO inhibition rate and significantly reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. In addition, the yield of IL-10 increased. Western blotting suggested that F3 downregulated the NO content and IL-6 level by suppressing Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) channels. Moreover, both ESCH and F3 showed DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging abilities which was possibly related to the anti-inflammatory property. These results indicated that ESCH behaved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cartilage may be a good source to produce anti-inflammatory peptides.
Highlights
Innate immunity, known as natural immunity, is different from specific immunity and mainly represents the first line of defense against infection through anatomic, physiologic, cell or inflammatory components
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) Family Antibody Sampler Kit was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were both obtained from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (California, USA)
The DH of cartilage hydrolysates obtained in this research was 21.02 ± 0.45%
Summary
Known as natural immunity, is different from specific immunity and mainly represents the first line of defense against infection through anatomic, physiologic, cell or inflammatory components. NO has a variety of physiological and Bioactivities of Peptides From Cartilage pathological functions It has a wide range of synthesis and distribution and has a variety of mechanisms, playing an important role in inflammation and immunity [7]. Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune response, inflammation and homeostasis [3, 12]. TNF-α is one of the cytokines participating in the inflammatory response and mediates a variety of biological processes, such as antitumour and immune regulation [13]. IL-6 plays an important role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, immune function, hematopoietic function and anti-inflammatory function [14]. TGF-β contributes to the tissue repair [17]
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