Abstract
The Brazilian green propolis is produced by Apis mellifera from Baccharis dracunculifolia. Kaempferide, which was isolated from green propolis and B. dracunculifolia is an O-methylated flavonol bearing gastroprotective, anti-allergic and anti-hypertensive activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials of kaempferide, as well as its possible toxicological effect on kidney and liver. For that, nociception was assessed by thermal (hargreaves apparatus) and mechanical (Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer) sensitivities; anti-inflammatory potential was assessed by carrageenan induced edema; and the toxicological profile was assessed by blood biochemical assessment. Kaempferide significantly reduced mechanical nociception and displayed anti-inflammatory effect, which was evidenced by the reduction of the volume of the paw edema, as well as by the reduction of infiltrates, cellularity and area of the injured tissue. On the other hand, it was inactive in the thermal nociception protocol either with or without an inflammatory process, as well as it was inactive in the mechanical nociception protocol after an inflammatory process. In addition, central nervous system depression, liver and kidney toxicities were not observed.
Highlights
Secondary biologically active metabolites obtained from plants are used for the development of drugs due to the singularity of the molecules and their biological activities (Cragg and Newman, 2013)
The Brazilian green propolis is produced by Apis mellifera from Baccharis dracunculifolia
Brazilian green propolis is composed of high amounts of phenolic compounds, such as artepelin C, baccarin, kaempferide, isosakuranetina, diidrokaempferide, drupanine, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, aromadendrine and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, among other compounds (Huang et al, 2014)
Summary
Secondary biologically active metabolites obtained from plants are used for the development of drugs due to the singularity of the molecules and their biological activities (Cragg and Newman, 2013). It is visible the amount of bioactive compounds found in national and international literature from natural products, with wide application within the pharmaceutical sciences with a special focus on analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (Azab et al, 2016). In Brazil, the magnitude of biodiversity is not precisely known due to its remarkable complexity, since it is estimated that there are more than two million distinct species of plants, animals and microorganisms. Brazilian green propolis is composed of high amounts of phenolic compounds, such as artepelin C, baccarin, kaempferide, isosakuranetina, diidrokaempferide, drupanine, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, aromadendrine and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, among other compounds (Huang et al, 2014)
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