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Abstract
BackgroundHydroxytyrosol is discovered in a form of elenolic acid ester oleuropein in olive leaf and oil. The anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxytyrosol have been reported in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and life science fields. But it has not been studied on skin biology field. This study is demonstrated using UVA-induced cellular aging model of human dermal fibroblast.MethodsThe cell survival rate was measured using the principle of water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, which is a measurement method for cell survival rate. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to quantitatively analyze the gene expression changes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by hydroxytyrosol.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay was implemented to dye β-galactosidases (used as a cell aging biomarker) to measure HDF cell aging by UVA.ResultsHydroxytyrosol decreased the SA-β-galactosidase activity in a dose-dependent manner in UVA-exposed HDFs. Also, the elevated expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by UVA were decreased by hydroxytyrosol in a dose-dependent manner. To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol in UV exposed HDFs, the expression of inflammatory interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that hydroxytyrosol decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 gene.ConclusionThrough this research, we demonstrate that hydroxytyrosol has effects on anti-inflammatory and anti-aging in HDFs damaged by UVA. We suggest that hydroxytyrosol is fully worthy of using as a cosmetic material effective to anti-inflammatory and to delay cellular senescence on HDFs.
Highlights
Hydroxytyrosol is discovered in a form of elenolic acid ester oleuropein in olive leaf and oil
This study examined the Interlukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 gene expression changes by treating the aged human dermal fibroblast by UV with hydroxytyrosol in different concentrations in order to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxytyrosol
This study used a molecular biological mechanism to propose the applicability of hydroxytyrosol as an anti-aging and anti-inflammatory ingredient
Summary
Hydroxytyrosol is discovered in a form of elenolic acid ester oleuropein in olive leaf and oil. The anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxytyrosol have been reported in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and life science fields. It has not been studied on skin biology field. Continuous exposure to UVA, which affects a large number of living organisms, damages the DNA, and affects cell survival and growth and induces protein denaturation, pigmentation, and creation of reactive oxygen species (Sinha and Haader 2002). Several research findings suggest that UVA and UVB damage DNA and generate reactive oxygen species, inducing apoptosis (Assefa et al 2005), which directly or indirectly causes an inflammatory response
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