Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethyl acetate (EAFSM) and n-butanol (NBFSM) fractions of the alcoholic extract of S. mangifera bark were evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and by the tail-flick method in rats. The radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract, aqueous extract and fractions was determined with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay. Two fractions of the alcoholic extract, EAFSM and NBFSM, at doses of 75, 150, 300 mg/kg b.w. administered orally, showed a significant reduction in paw volume when compared with the respective control group challenged by carrageenan. Different doses of extract fractions also showed a significant prolongation of the tail-flick latency of the rat (P<0.01). Different concentrations of alcoholic, aqueous extracts and fractions of alcoholic extract showed significant free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH generated free radicals.
Highlights
Inflammation is the initial response of the body to tissue damage caused by mechanical, chemical, or microbial stimuli
All animals were alert with normal grooming, touch response, pain response and there was no sign of passivity, stereotypy, and vocalization
Carrageenan is a natural carbohydrate polymer used as a phlogistic agent
Summary
Inflammation is the initial response of the body to tissue damage caused by mechanical, chemical, or microbial stimuli. The main cells involved in the inflammatory response are monocytes/macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and endothelial cells. When these cells become activated, they aggregate and infiltrate tissue where they undergo a respiratory burst, increasing their oxygen use and the production of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other mediators of inflammation. ROS can initiate and perpetuate inflammatory cascades and cause subsequent tissue damage. The scope of ROS-mediated diseases is believed to be broad, and herbs that scavenge reactive oxidant chemicals before they damage tissue may prevent or slow down these processes (Nelson and Perrone, 2000)
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