Abstract
BackgroundDictamnus dasycarpus is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of eczema, rheumatism, and other inflammatory diseases in Asia. The current study investigates the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of the ethanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus leaf (DE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.MethodsNitric oxide (NO) production was assessed by Griess reaction and the mRNA and protein expressions of pro inflammatory cytokines, transcription factor, and enzymes were determined by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis.ResultsDE (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) suppressed the NO production by 10 and 33%, respectively, compared to the untreated group in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. DE (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) reduced the mRNA expression of key transcription factor nuclear factor-κB by 7 and 24%, respectively compared to the untreated group in LPS activated macrophage. The pro inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β were also decreased by DE treatment. Moreover, the protein expression of pro inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 were also dramatically attenuated by DE in a dose dependent manner.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Dictamnus dasycarpus leaf has a potent anti-inflammatory activity and can be used for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.
Highlights
Dictamnus dasycarpus is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of eczema, rheumatism, and other inflammatory diseases in Asia
Effects of dasycarpus leaf (DE) on the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of DE on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using the Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay
Effects of DE on Nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells NO is a highly unstable gas required for immune regulation, platelet inhibition, and neurotransmission; excessive production of NO, especially in macrophages, is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cytotoxicity, cancer, and autoimmune disorders [7]
Summary
Dictamnus dasycarpus is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of eczema, rheumatism, and other inflammatory diseases in Asia. The current study investigates the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of the ethanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus leaf (DE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz is a perennial herbal plant widely distributed in Asia. The root bark of this plant has been widely used as a traditional remedy for the management of various ailments such as jaundice, eczema, rubella, scabies, rheumatism, cold, and headache [12,13]. The anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf extract of this plant have not been studied. In the present work, we investigated the antiinflammatory activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of D. dasycarpus in RAW 264.7 cell lines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
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