Abstract
The use of traditional medicine in the treatment of disease has increased globally due to its safety and efficacy. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. and Oldenlandia corymbosa L. have been used traditionally as a topical preparation for joint disease in Indonesia. Hence, the study was planned to scientifically study the existing empirical data. A nanoemulgel of combined Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (ACE) and Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Extract (OCE) as a new drug focused on plant-based natural products with a good physical characteristic that inhibits inflammatory process in managing osteoarthritis (OA) was formulated. Thirty animals were randomly designated to the 6 groups (n=5) as follows: (1) The normal control group (Normal), (2) negative control groups of Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA), (3) combination ACE-OCE, (4) single ACE, (5) single OCE, (6) positive control group (Diclofenac). Rats received intraarticular MIA injection dose 3mg/0.05 mL on day zero excluding normal control group. All groups were administered topical preparations allotted to each dose group on day 29. Knee edema profile (every 7 days) and serum cytokine level (on day 57) was evaluated with Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA). Till day 42, knee edema profile of all group treatment have been similar with normal control group (p>0.05). Serum cytokines level for some biomarkers, such as S100A8 Protein, Interleukin-1β, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase thrombospondin-like motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), Collagen Type II and Aggrecan Core Protein were decreased. A significant difference compared with MIA group showed for all group treatment on measurement of S100A8 Protein, IL-1β, and iNOS as a biomarker of inflammatory process (#P<0.05). The developed nanoemulgel ACE-OCE either in single or in combination has good physical characteristic and promising effect of anti-inflammatory activity to enhance MIA induced cartilage damage as potential therapeutic agent for OA and encouraging to conduct further studies.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA), recognized as the most common joint disorder, is a chronic degenerative joint disease which causes significant pain and disability
The droplet size, Polydispersity Index (PDI) and zeta potential of nanoemulsion were determined at 25 °C and at 173 °C scattering angle by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic mobility, respectively (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments, UK)
Thirty animals were randomly designated to the 6 groups (n = 5) as follows: (1) The normal control group (Normal), (2) negative control group of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), (3) combination Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (ACE)-Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Extract (OCE) (1.6%1.1%), (4) single ACE (1.6%), (5) single OCE (1.1%), (6) positive control group (Diclofenac) (1%)
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA), recognized as the most common joint disorder, is a chronic degenerative joint disease which causes significant pain and disability. It manifests as degradation of synovial joints, including progressive degradation of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, destruction of ligament and meniscus, loss and sclerosis of subchondral bone, and osteophyte formation[1, 2]. The prevalence of this disease is increasing, among people over 55 years[1]. Considerable experimentations has been focused on plant-based natural products with multifunctional anti-inflammatory effect which may reduce the side effects and suppress inflammation[3]
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