Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Niebuhria apetala and its possible mechanism of action.
 Methods: Methanol extract of Niebuhria apetala leaf (NAL) was assessed for its anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro methods. Using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity, membrane stabilization, and antilipoxygenase activity at different concentrations, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was estimated. The standard drug used for this purpose was aspirin.
 Results: Methanol extract NAL at a concentration range of 100–500 μg/ml significant (p<0.01) protects the heat-induced protein denaturation. At the concentration of 500 mg/ml, NAL showed significant (p<0.01) inhibition of protease inhibitory action. Heat-induced hemolysis of erythrocyte, hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, and lipooxygenase activity were significant (p<0.01) inhibited at the concentration of 500 μg/ml.
 Conclusion: Finally, the present study indicates that methanol extract of Niebuhria apetala can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agent.
Highlights
Inflammation is a response to acute tissue damage resulting from physical injury, ischemic injury, infection exposure to toxins, or other types of trauma
Phytochemical screening The preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol extract of N. apetala leaf revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, phenol, tannin, glycoside, and terpenoid
The results showed that methanol extract of Niebuhria apetala leaf (NAL) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml protect significantly (p
Summary
Inflammation is a response to acute tissue damage resulting from physical injury, ischemic injury, infection exposure to toxins, or other types of trauma It can play a role in tumor suppression by stimulating an antitumor immune response, but more often it appears to stimulate tumor development [1]. These enzymes produce a variety of disorders which lead to the tissue injury by damaging the macromolecules and lipid peroxidation of membranes. Stabilization of lysosomal membrane is significant in limiting the inflammatory This is response by inhibiting the release of lysosomal constituents of activated neutrophil such as bactericidal enzymes and proteases. They further cause tissue inflammation and damage on extracellular release or by stability the lysosomal membrane [2]. Herbal products are of interest to many patients and health-care practitioners because more than 70% of the world’s population is relied on herbal medicines for part of their primary health-care system [4]
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