Abstract
PurposeTo extend the study of the camel milk proteins which have antiviral activity against HCV, camel naïve polyclonal IgGs, α-lactalbumin were purified from camel milk and their anti-HCV effect was examined using PBMCs and Huh7.5 cell-lines. They were compared with the activity of human polyclonal IgGs and camel lactoferrin and casein.Material and methodsThree types of experiments were performed on PBMCs and HuH7.5 cell. HCV was directly incubated with the purified proteins and then mixed with both cell types, or the proteins were incubated with the cells and then exposed to HCV, or the HCV pre-infected cells were treated with the proteins to inhibit intracellular replication. The proteins were added to cells or virus at different concentrations and time intervals.ResultsPretreated PBMCs and Huh7.5 cells with milk proteins were not protected when exposed to HCV infection. The direct interaction between HCV and camel IgGs and camel lactoferrin (cLf) led to a complete inhibition of HCV entry into cells, while casein, α-lactalbumin and human IgGs failed to inhibit HCV entry at any tested concentration. Camel IgGs showed ability to recognize HCV peptides with a significant titer (12 × 103) in comparison with human IgGs which failed to do it. Camel lactoferrin was capable of inhibiting the intracellular HCV replication at concentrations of 0.25-1.25 mg/ml.ConclusionCamel milk naïve polyclonal IgGs isolated from camel milk could inhibit the HCV infectivity and demonstrated strong signal against its synthetic peptides. Lactoferrin inhibit the HCV infectivity started from 0.25 mg/ml. However, α-lactalbumin, human IgGs and casein failed to demonstrate any activity against HCV infectivity.
Highlights
Hepatitis C is a global health problem and represents a major cause of liver disease and a socioeconomic burden [1], without the existence of any protective vaccine or effective drug
Camel milk naïve polyclonal Native polyclonal immunoglobulins G (IgG) isolated from camel milk could inhibit the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectivity and demonstrated strong signal against its synthetic peptides
Cytotoxic effect of camel IgGs, α-lactalbumin, Lf, casein, or intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) We tested the cytotoxic effects of camel IgGs, α-lactalbumin, camel lactoferrin (cLf), casein and IVIGs on Peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMCs) and Huh7.5 cells to exclude the possibility of HCV elimination caused by reduced cell viability
Summary
Hepatitis C is a global health problem and represents a major cause of liver disease and a socioeconomic burden [1], without the existence of any protective vaccine or effective drug. Lactoperoxidase is present in the milk of many species and catalyzes the oxidation of some organic and inorganic substrates by hydrogen peroxide, such as thiocyanate in milk, producing derivate compounds with antibacterial activity [14]. Lysozyme is another antibacterial protein present in milk, tears, saliva, and other secretions of mammals. The antibacterial activity of lysozyme is exerted by damaging the cell wall of some bacteria It has been shown a great activity of camel milk lysozyme against Salmonella typhimurium compared to other types of lysozyme [9]
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