Anti-Idiotype Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity Against Vibrio Harveyi in Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides).

Wan-Ling Huang,Chung-Da Yang,Shu-Chun Chuang

doi:10.3390/vaccines7040210

Wan-Ling Huang, Chung-Da Yang + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040210

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Abstract

Since anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-Id Abs) can display internal images similar to the epitopes of the original antigens, we aimed to produce an effective vaccine based on anti-Id Abs to protect grouper from Vibrio harveyi. Anti-Id IgG showing V. harveyi-like internal images was produced from rabbits immunized with the Id portion of grouper anti-V. harveyi antibodies and its Fab portion, anti-Id IgG (Fab), was then prepared to use as the anti-Id vaccine. The resulting anti-Id IgG (Fab) was intraperitoneally injected twice at a 21-day interval into grouper to evaluate its ability to induce effective anti-V. harveyi immunity and protection, in comparison with inactivated V. harveyi bacteria. We found that administration of grouper with anti-Id IgG (Fab) resulted in enhanced V. harveyi-specific serum titers, as well as lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, three weeks after boosting, 90% (18/20) of fish immunized with anti-Id IgG (Fab) survived at least 28 days after a lethal challenge of the heterologous, virulent strain of V. harveyi. The capability of this anti-Id IgG (Fab) to imitate the epitopes of V. harveyi antigens and effectively induce protective immunity would be advantageous for its application in developing an efficacious vaccine against V. harveyi for future farm use in fish.

Highlights

Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), a farmed fish species with a high commercial value, has rapidly become an important profitable agricultural product in Southeast Asia, includingTaiwan and China [1]
We examined the ability of anti-Id IgG (Fab) to induce effective anti-V. harveyi immune responses, in comparison with the inactivated vaccine consisted of killed V. harveyi
V. harveyi BCRC13812 strain isolated from seawater enriched with glycerol and nitrate was purchased from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry and Development Institute (Hsinchu, Taiwan)

Summary

Introduction

Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), a farmed fish species with a high commercial value, has rapidly become an important profitable agricultural product in Southeast Asia, includingTaiwan and China [1]. The high intensification of grouper farming is usually accompanied by outbreaks of pathogenic diseases, such as vibriosis, causing dramatic reduction in grouper production [2]. A Gram-negative bacterium, is the major etiological agent of vibriosis in grouper to usually cause deep skin lesions and ulcers, gastroenteric disorders, and eye lesions [3], thereby resulting in high morbidity and mortality in grouper and inducing a significant economic loss [2]. Antibiotics have been used to control vibriosis in grouper, they result in severe consequences, including the emergence of resistant bacteria and drug residual issues [4]. V. harveyi has been demonstrated to employ multiple critical antigens to maintain its infection in grouper [11]. If broad epitopes of these antigens are simultaneously presented to the immune system, successful immunity and protection against infection may be achieved [12,13]

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