Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Caralluma edulis and Verbena officinalis.Methods: Phytochemical analysis of crude extracts of Caralluma edulis (Ce.Cr) and Verbena officinalis (Vo.Cr) were carried out. Hyperlipidemia was induced in mice with high-fat diet (HFD, 1.25 % w/w cholesterol, 0.5 % w/w cholic acid and 10 % v/w coconut oil). All the groups, except the saline-treated group, were fed on HFD for 4 weeks (lead-in period) to induce hyperlipidemia. Thereafter, the groups were treated with varying doses of the plant extract for 2 weeks (treatment period) as well as atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) reference standard. Body weight was measured fortnightly for all groups. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGs) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were assayed using Merck diagnostic kits. For histopathological analysis, liver slices were fixed in 10 % formalin and embedded in paraffin wax and was examined with the aid of hematoxylin and eosin staining (H & E).Results: Caralluma edulis (Ce.Cr) contains saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenol, glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids while Verbena officinalis (Vo.Cr) tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. HFD increased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) compared to regulator diet (p < 0.001). Treatment of the animals with Ce.Cr and Vo.Cr dose-dependently (500 - 1000 mg/kg) reduced serum TC, TGs, LDL and VLDL (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, vs. HFD group) and raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.01, vs. HFD group), similar to that observed with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Ce.Cr and Vo.Cr were also confirmed via liver histopathology results, showing improved structure with no hepatocellular necrosis and fat accumulation.Conclusion: These results indicate that Caralluma edulis and Verbena officinalis exhibit antihyperlipidemic effect; thus, the plants have therapeutic potentials for the management of lipid disorders.Keywords: Caralluma edulis, Verbena officinalis, Anti-hyperlipidemia, Hepatocellular necrosis
Highlights
Hyperlipidemia leads to the progression of various cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and hypertension [1]
In the current investigation we evaluated anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Caralluma edulis and Verbena officinalis using high fat diet (HFD) animal model to explore their use in the treatment of hyperlipidemia
The whole plant Caralluma edulis was purchased from a local market in May and the whole plant of Verbena officinalis was collected from Rawat, Islamabad, Pakistan
Summary
Hyperlipidemia leads to the progression of various cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and hypertension [1]. Kg) was soaked in 70 % methanol for 14 days, with ocassional shaking and mixing Both the plant materials were filtered through grade 1 Whatmann filter paper [11]. In the current investigation we evaluated anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Caralluma edulis and Verbena officinalis using high fat diet (HFD) animal model to explore their use in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The whole plant Caralluma edulis was purchased from a local market in May and the whole plant of Verbena officinalis was collected from Rawat, Islamabad, Pakistan. The Caralluma edulis powdered material (3 kg) was treated with 80 % aqueous-ethanol for seven days and Verbena officinalis grinded powder Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding on high fat diet Body weight was measured initially, after every two weeks for all the groups
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