Abstract
Objective: The antihyperglycaemic potentiality of Terminalia chebula leaves has not yet been investigated thoroughly compared to its fruit counterpart. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the hypoglycaemic potentiality of Terminalia chebula Retz leaves both in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Fresh leaves of T. chebula were collected, authenticated and grounded to a fine powder. The powdered material was extracted in methanol. The hypoglycaemic potentiality of the extract was accessed in vitro using enzyme alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The antihyperglycaemic activity of the methanol extract active fraction was accessed in vitro and in vivo. The active fraction thus obtained was partially characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.Results: The crude leave methanol extract of Terminalia chebula demonstrated 100% α glucosidase inhibition with IC50–0.956±0.342 mg/ml compared to standard drug acarbose. Oral administration of the active fraction to diabetic rats loaded with maltose significantly (P<0.05) retarded the postprandial spike of blood glucose level compared to standard drug acarbose. Partial characterization of the fraction reveals the presence of hydrosoluble tannin gallic acid.Conclusion: The study provides an in vitro and in vivo rationale evidence of Terminalia chebula leaves to retard postprandial hyperglycemia.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level
When accessed for α-amylase inhibitory activity at the concentration of 10 mg/ml, a mild inhibition of 70.46% was demonstrated by the extract compared to standard drug acarbose 80.21%
Whereas in case of enzyme alpha-glucosidase the same leave extract demonstrated a remarkable 100% inhibition compared to standard drug acarbose with 85.34% with a very minimum IC50 value of 0.956±0.342 mg/ml
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to relative or absolute deficiency of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin at the cellular level [1]. One of the prominent and early symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 is postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). Studies have shown that PPHG, instead of Fasting glucose, is a significant predictor of subsequent myocardial infarction and death in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 [4]. Drug with mild α amylase inhibition is considered as preferable for treatment of postprandial hyperglycaemia since the side effects related to very high inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase such as flatulence, abdominal distension, and diarrhoea etc caused by intake of drug acarbose, results in abnormal fermentation of undigested carbohydrate by of colon bacteria mark limitation in its use [5]. Though several studies were conducted earlier upon the fruit part of T. chebula, the literature survey reveals that there is no previous report on the hypoglycaemic evaluation of the leaf part of the plant T. chebula, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, the leave methanol extract of the plant was used to access its hypoglycaemic potentiality in vitro and in vivo
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