Abstract
Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) is used not only as food but also as folk medicine in subtropical areas around the world because of its pharmacologic activities. In particular, the leaf extract of guava has traditionally been used for the treatment of diabetes in East Asia and other countries. Moreover, the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the extract has been reported in some animal models. However, little is known regarding the therapeutic activity of the extract in human clinical trials as well as its underlying therapeutic mechanisms and safety. In Japan, Guava Leaf Tea (Bansoureicha®, Yakult Honsha, Tokyo, Japan) containing the aqueous leaf extract from guava has been approved as one of the Foods for Specified Health Uses and is now commercially available. This review describes the active component of the aqueous guava leaf extract and its inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vitro, safety of the extract and Guava Leaf Tea, reduction of postprandial blood glucose elevation, and improvement of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypoadiponectinemia, hypertriglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in murine models and several clinical trials. It is suggested that the chronic suppression of postprandial blood glucose elevation is important in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus, and that Guava Leaf Tea is considered useful as an alimentotherapy for chronic treatment.
Highlights
The number of diabetes mellitus (DM) cases has been increasing worldwide in recent years
The results indicate that the consecutive ingestion of Guava Leaf Tea together with every meal improves hyperglycemia and hypoadiponectinemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients with or without hyperlipidemia
Single ingestion and the consecutive ingestion of Guava Leaf Tea for 8 or 12 weeks with or without anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemia drugs in human clinical trials demonstrated no side effects or abnormal changes, as described earlier. These findings indicate that Guava Leaf Tea and guava leaf extract (GvEx) induce neither toxicity, mutagenicity, nor abnormal interaction with anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemia drugs, and have a lower potential for drug interactions based on either inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 isoforms
Summary
The number of diabetes mellitus (DM) cases has been increasing worldwide in recent years. There were no side effects, such as hypoglycaemia, due to abnormal interaction in the combined administration of each standard treatment and voglibose or Guava Leaf Tea [27] Taken together, these findings, suggest that the single ingestion of GvEx or Guava Leaf Tea can reduce postprandial glucose elevation via the inhibition of alphaglucosidase in mice and human subjects with or without diabetes. 2) Guava Leaf Tea (200 mL/bottle) was ingested 3 times/day with every meal for 8 weeks by 22 patients with T2DM who had a blood HbA1c% of ≧6.0% before intake Of these 22 patients, 19 received anti-diabetic medication (insulin, sulfonylurea and/or alpha-GI) throughout the trial. Guava Leaf Tea and GvEx can be deemed food and a safe food material, respectively
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