Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of the alkaloid-rich extract from Litsea glutinosa barks (CG) in ob/ob mice. CG was orally administrated (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) to ob/ob mice for 4 weeks. Parameters of glucose metabolism, hepatotoxicity, hyperlipidemia and inflammation were measured. CG was chemically characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS. CG dose-dependently decreased body and fat weights without reducing average food intake. CG (100–200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the serum levels of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP). CG increased insulin sensitivity as manifested by decreased fasting serum insulin, reduced homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and improved oral glucose tolerance. CG also alleviated dyslipidemia, ameliorated liver steatosis, increased the activity of serum lipase and alleviated inflammation. The activities of liver pyruvate kinase and glucokinase as well as liver content of glycogen were increased after CG treatment. CG was rich in alkaloids and eight main alkaloids were identified, many of which had been demonstrated to possess adequate anti-diabetic activities. These results suggest that the alkaloid-rich extract of CG possesses potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects and can be utilized as an effective agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global epidemic which is usually associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia[1,2]
Thirteen visible peaks could be determined from the total ion current profile of the CG, of which eight were identified as alkaloids, including five aporphine and three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids
The compounds were characterized by their retention times and their
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global epidemic which is usually associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia[1,2]. The currently used anti-diabetic medications are adequate for the control of blood glucose, new effective anti-diabetic drugs with multiple benefits on T2DM associated syndromes are still tremendously needed to deal with this systemic metabolic disease. Phytochemical studies have obtained alkaloids, lignans, and flavones from the leaves and barks of this plant[6,7,8,9]. We have isolated three new lignans from the root barks of L. glutinosa[10]. The leaves and barks of L. glutinosa have reported to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, analgesic, and anti-diabetic properties[11,12]. The anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of CG were evaluated in ob/ ob diabetic mice. The potential mechanisms of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of CG were explored
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