Abstract
BackgroundRecently various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their post-metabolites have shown many positive effects on human and animal welfare. They appear to be beneficial in different disorders and pathological conditions, including in a broad-spectrum of infectious diseases.AimTo estimate in vitro the anti-herpes simplex activity of 11 postbiotic samples (lysates or cell-free supernatants - CFS) produced during the fermentation of six candidate-probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from Bulgarian fermented milk products.Materials and methodsIn vitro protocols for assessment of different LAB samples on the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication, adsorption and virucidal effects were applied using MDBK cells.ResultsFour of the studied LAB samples expressed a statistically significant inhibition of the replication of HSV-1. The highest selective index (79.75) was calculated for the post-metabolites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, followed by a high molecular fraction of cell-derived fragments of Limosilactobacillus fermentum culture (S6) (SI = 34.63), CFS from late exponential L. plantarum (SI = 28.26) and neutralized CFS from L. fermentum (SI = 28.11). Pronounced virucidal activities of the postbiotics S1, S11 (L. fermentum), S3 (L. plantarum) and S6 (L. fermentum) were recorded, too. The inhibitory effect of the majority of the samples on the stage of adsorption of the virus to MDBK cells was remarkable. In addition, almost all of the postbiotics exerted a protective effect on healthy cells and significantly reduced viral yield at subsequent infection.ConclusionPre-selected Lactobacillus strains demonstrated strain-specific effects against HSV-1. These postbiotics influence different stages of viral infection in cell cultures and their promising characteristics are currently evaluated.
Highlights
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is a widespread viral disease in the human population with more than 90% of the individuals being seropositive to the pathogen [1,2]
In order to discard a probable effect of cytotoxicity of the MRS medium used for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultivation, we assessed its influence on the monolayer of MadineDarby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells
In activity was sample S6 with a selective index of 34.63, followed by the acid cellfree supernatants (aCFS) of L. plantarum L4ZS (S4 sample) and neutralized CFS of L. fermentum S3 with almost identical selective indices, 28.26 and 28.11, respectively. These results clearly showed that an active metabolite different from lactic acid is probably produced during the fermentation
Summary
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is a widespread viral disease in the human population with more than 90% of the individuals being seropositive to the pathogen [1,2]. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 causes mainly symptoms affecting the mouth, throat, lips, eyes and the central nervous system but can affect various areas of the skin. Incidences of genital herpes caused by HSV-1, as a result of transmission through oral contact in this area, have been reported [4e6]. Various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their post-metabolites have shown many positive effects on human and animal welfare. They appear to be beneficial in different disorders and pathological conditions, including in a broad-spectrum of infectious diseases
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