Abstract
Estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer is usually an aggressive, hormone independent tumour. Recent studies show that growth of these tumours could be influenced by anti-estrogens. Anti-estrogens appear to stimulate the production of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) in hormone dependent as well as independent cell lines suggesting as a result inhibition of cellular proliferation of these cell lines by TGF-β through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
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