Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the anti-diarrhea effects of polysaccharides extracted from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ZRP) on diarrhea induced by folium sennae in rats. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Benhnken design (BBD) was performed to optimize ZRP extraction. Thereafter, experimental diarrheal rats induced by treatment with folium sennae were used to investigate the anti-diarrhea effects of ZRP. Diarrhea index, dilute stool rate, gastric residual rate, and intestinal propulsive rate were investigated. In addition, the levels of brain-gut peptides including cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the small intestine of rats with diarrhea were determined using commercial ELISA kits. Results: Optimal ZRP extraction was obtained with an extraction time of 1.4 h, ratio of water to the raw material of 30 mL/g, and extracting 2 times. ZRP treatment at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the dilute stool rate and diarrhea index ( p < 0.05) and increased gastric residual rate ( p < 0.01) dose-dependently. ZRP lowered intestinal propulsive rate (100 and 200 mg/kg, p < 0.01). All ZRP doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) also significantly reduced the levels of CCK ( p < 0.01) but increased the levels of ghrelin and VIP ( p < 0.01) in the small intestine. Conclusion: ZRP exerts significant anti-diarrhea effects on experimental diarrheal rats induced by folium sennae via regulating the levels of brain-gut peptides. Further studies are required to determine if these effects can also be replicated in humans Keywords: Zingiber officinale , Polysaccharide, Response surface methodology, Anti-diarrhea, Cholecystokinin, Ghrelin, and Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Highlights
Diarrhea, characterized by high-frequency and liquid defecation, is one of the most common symptoms of digestive diseases
In the present study, the process of polysaccharide extraction from the Z. officinale rhizome was optimized using Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Benhnken design (BBD)
The dilute stool rate, diarrhea index, gastric residual rate, and intestinal propulsive rate were analyzed, and the results demonstrated that ZRP exerted significant anti-diarrhea effect on rats with diarrhea due to spleen yang deficiency caused by folium sennae
Summary
Diarrhea, characterized by high-frequency and liquid defecation, is one of the most common symptoms of digestive diseases. The present study was designed to examine the anti-diarrhea effect of polysaccharides from the rhizome of Z. officinale (ZRP) on an experimental rat model of diarrhea. Rats in the model and ZRP treatment groups were administered 4°C water extract of folium sennae (10 g/kg) once a day by gavage, were injected with reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) subcutaneously and swam in 30°C water on alternating days. These treatments were continued for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the 3 ZRP treatment groups were given ZRP solutions (38°C) at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg by gavage, and normal and model rats were treated with distilled water. The levels of CCK, ghrelin, and VIP proteins in the small intestine of rats were determined using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions
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