Abstract
Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule, a Chinese herbal formula, has been used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for decades. Our previous studies showed that JTXK granule exhibited anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative functions in experimental diabetic rats induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of JTXK granule on T2DM KKAy mice and the possible associations with skeletal muscle in the current study. Our results showed that JTXK granule significantly reduced food intake and body weight in T2DM KKAy mice. JTXK granule treatment also decreased the blood glucose and HbA1c levels and increased the insulin sensitivity in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, it ameliorated hyperlipidaemia and induced a lower free fatty acid level, displaying an effect on disorders of lipid metabolism. JTXK granule significantly increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and decreased the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). We concluded that JTXK granule is an effective drug for T2DM through regulating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in skeletal muscle.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a worldwide health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality [1, 2]
In comparing the food intake before and after the experiment, we found that the food intake of the mice in the control group and the piog group significantly increased (P0.05) (Fig 1D)
The results indicated that JTXK granule may reduce body weight by adjusting the food intake of the diabetic mice
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a worldwide health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Many aspects of T2DM remain unclear, decreased insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretion are two generally recognized pathological changes inside the body during the progression of T2DM [3, 4]. Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological state in which target tissues fail to respond normally to insulin, and tissues cannot absorb glucose from the bloodstream, contributing to the high level of blood glucose in the body [5]. Skeletal muscle is one of the most important peripheral tissue targets for insulin. It is usually used as a significant therapeutic target in the battle against T2DM.
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