Anti-counterfeiting applications of antimony-doped zero-dimensional indium halide with temperature-responsive broad emission

Abstract

While spatial-resolved luminescent anti-counterfeiting technology has reached maturity, achieving rapid responsiveness and exceptional fatigue resistance remains a challenge for high-security-level applications. Temperature-based multi-stimuli-responsive luminescent solid-state materials offer a promising solution to meet these requirements. In this study, we present a dual stimuli-responsive photoluminescence (PL) switching system that depends on both temperature and excitation wavelength, utilizing a Zero-Dimensional (0D) (PMA)4In0.98Sb0.02Cl7·H2O (PMA = benzylamine). Notably, (PMA)4In0.98Sb0.02Cl7·H2O exhibits orange broad-band emission at room temperature under both low-energy (365 nm) and high-energy (254 nm) irradiation. At 80 K, green light emission is observed under high-energy irradiation (254 nm), transforming into red emission when excited with low-energy wavelength (365 nm) at the same temperature. Moreover, the (PMA)4In0.98Sb0.02Cl7·H2O both in powder and film states demonstrate excellent stimuli-responsive performance, including short response times and superior cyclic reversibility. Therefore, this 0D (PMA)4In0.98Sb0.02Cl7·H2O can serve as a novel quarter-fold turn-on and tuning luminescent switch for encryption/decryption under the stimuli of temperature and excitation with rapid response and excellent fatigue resistance.