Anti-cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Combretum micranthum G. Don: Potential implications in neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract

Brain damage is a severe and common pathology that leads to life-threatening diseases. Despite development in the research, the medical evidence of the effectiveness of potential neuroprotective medicines is insufficient. As a result, there is an immense and urgent demand for promising medication. For millennia, herbal remedies were a fundamental aspect of medical treatments. Combretum micranthum (CM), a plant of the family Combretaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, has been utilized in folklore medicine to cure diverse human ailments. In order to develop a neuroprotective phytomedicine, the current research was undertaken to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase and neuroprotective potential of CM extract. Colorimetric methods were used to determine CM antioxidant activity, in-vitro protein denaturation and membrane destabilization assays were used to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity, anticholinesterase activity was carried out using Ellman's method, and neuroprotective potential was assessed on brain homogenate stressed with ferric chloride and ascorbic acid (FeCl2-AA) by assessing the lipoperoxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA). In Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (IC50 = 27.15±0.06µg/mL) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (IC50 = 31.13±0.02µg/mL), CM extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory effect were improved in heat-induced Egg albumin and BSA denaturation (IC 50 = 46.35±1.53 and 23.94±1.10µg/mL) as well as heat and hypotonia induced membrane destabilization (IC 50 = 20.96±0.11 and 16.75±0.94µg/mL).CM extract showed strong anticholinesterase activity (IC 50 = 59.85±0.91µg/mL). In an ex-vivo neuroprotective model, CM extract showed substantial inhibition (p<0.001) of oxidative damage caused by FeCl2-AA in brain tissue. C. micranthum may be a good candidate for its probable neuroprotective potential. Its neuroprotective benefits might be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase effects.