Abstract
IntroductionJuniperus oxycedrus L. is a common Mediterranean tree that is frequently used in traditional medicine and European cuisine. Evidence suggests that Juniperus species may contain a large number of potentially anti-cancer molecules. Previously, the authors reported that essential oils of J. oxycedrus L. have anti-cancer properties in ER+ breast cancer cells. However, the potential therapeutic properties of hydroethanolic extracts are still unknown. Considering this and to highlight its anti-cancer properties, the in vitro effects of J. oxycedrus hydroethanolic extracts, of leaves and fruits, were investigated in ER+ breast cancer cells that overexpress aromatase (MCF-7aro). MethodsThe effect of extracts on cell viability, cell death, and cell cycle progression were analysed. In addition, the phytochemical composition and their antioxidant properties were evaluated. ResultsBoth extracts impaired breast cancer cell growth, by reducing cell viability, arresting cell cycle, and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. Curiously, the presence of multinucleated cells and polyploidy in association with apoptosis suggested the involvement of mitotic catastrophe. Furthermore, both extracts had high antioxidant activity. Concerning the phytochemical analysis, it was demonstrated that both extracts were rich in flavonoids, which are known for their anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. Discussion/ConclusionTherefore, this work emphasizes the impact of both hydroethanolic extracts of J. oxycedrus L. in ER+ breast cancer cells, suggesting their potential adjuvant therapeutic role for this type of cancer. Moreover, this study points out that the plant J. oxycedrus L. could be considered a new natural source of anti-cancer and antioxidant molecules with therapeutic potential.
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