Abstract
BackgroundThere are different treatments for breast cancer and melanoma that mostly have some side effects. One of the therapeutic strategies is the use of natural components. Phenol components are a class of antioxidants in plants that have many biological functions like anticancer effects. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyhydroxy phenolic compound and commonly found in various foods. In the present study, GA effects alone and in combination with low-level laser irradiation on human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF), human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma cancer cell line (A375) was under the investigation.MethodsThe normal and cancerous cell lines were exposed to 660 nm low-level laser with 3 J/cm2 for 90 s. Then, the cells were treated with different concentrations of GA for 24 h. In another study, the cell lines firstly were treated with GA and then exposed to low-level laser irradiation. The effects of GA and low-level laser on cell survival and apoptosis were examined using MTT assay, light microscopy, ROS production assay, fluorescence microscopy (AO/EB double staining) and flow cytometry.ResultsThe results showed that pre-treatment with low-level laser and then GA reduced the survival of breast cancer cells and melanoma more than the first treatment with GA and then low-level laser irradiation. Our findings showed that ROS production in cells treated with both low-level laser and GA was more than the cells treated with GA alone. The apoptosis and ferroptosis assays confirmed the MTT results which combination treatment with low-level laser and then GA increase the cell death probably via apoptosis and ferroptosis cell death mechanisms compared to GA alone.ConclusionsThis study suggests that low-level laser irradiation alone is not able to cause death in human normal and cancerous cells. Preirradiation followed by GA treatment did not change the cell viability in human normal significantly but reduces the cell survival of cancer cells more than GA alone.
Highlights
There are different treatments for breast cancer and melanoma that mostly have some side effects
The human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial MCF10A cell line was purchased from the Institute of Pasture, Tehran and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F-12 supplemented with 10.0% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.5 μg/ml of hydrocortisone, 10 μg/ml of insulin, 20 ng/ml of epidermal growth factor, 0.5 KU/ml of penicillin, 0.1 mg/ml of streptomycin, and 0.5 μg/ml of amphotericin B in 5.0% CO2 at 37 °C
The cell viability of human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF) in presence of Gallic acid (GA) did not significant change and in higher concentration at 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml, it slightly changed to 82% and 70%, respectively (Fig. 1a)
Summary
There are different treatments for breast cancer and melanoma that mostly have some side effects. GA effects alone and in combination with low-level laser irradiation on human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF), human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma cancer cell line (A375) was under the investigation. Methods: The normal and cancerous cell lines were exposed to 660 nm low-level laser with 3 J/cm for 90 s. The cell lines firstly were treated with GA and exposed to low-level laser irradiation. Khorsandi et al Cancer Cell Int (2020) 20:18 types of the disease respond well to treatment. Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and resistant to all kinds of treatments [6, 7]. The asymmetric and reddish-brown color of the melanoma noted irregular edges and associated with itching and bleeding [8,9,10]
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