Anti‐cancer effect and gene expression profiling of melanoma induced mice treated with dung beetle glycosaminoglycan

Abstract

Dung beetle (Catharsius molossus) glycosaminoglycan (CaG) possessed anti‐cancer activities of elongation in survival time showing reduced melanoma tumor sizes in treated CaG melanoma induced mice. Thus microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene‐expression profiles for C57BL/6N mice treated with the CaG, 5 mg/kg, over a month for investigation of anti‐cancer effect compared with queen of Bombus ignitus glycosaminoglycan (IQG, 5 mg/kg). CaG5 or IQG5 produced meaningful anti‐cancer effect showing inhibition of melanoma cell growth in XTT assay. In addition, treated theses glycosaminoglycan increased tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 2 (TIMP‐2) activities in HMVEC cells pretreated by TNF‐alpha or melanoma cells. CaG5 treated rat group, compared to control, showed that 192 genes including collagen, type XII, alpha1 (Col12a1), and hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain (Hbb‐bt), amino levulinic acid synthase2, erythroid (Alas2) and heparanase (Hpse) were up‐regulated and 152 genes including nuclear RNA export factor (Nxf3), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein1 (Hapln1), G protein‐coupled receptor17 (Gpr17) and myelin protein zero (Mpz) were down‐regulated. Data suggest collagen, type XII, alpha1, was up‐regulated, and nuclear RNA export factor (Nxf3) were down‐regulated by CaG5 treatment indicating to be potential therapeutic markers for anti‐cancer agentSupport or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the basic research of National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, PJ011853.