Abstract
We report the organic template-free synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite using waste materials, by a simple hydrothermal method and their excellent anti-cancer activity against A549 human lung epithelial cell lines.
Highlights
Zeolites have a porous crystalline aluminosilicate framework and ordered networks of micropores.[1]
For the synthesis of high-silica zeolites, large quantities of organic ammonium cations were used such as tetraalkylammonium ions and diamine, and they were introduced into the aluminosilicate gels for the formation of the zeolitic framework in which they served as a structure-directing agent or as a space- lling agent.[9,10]
The organic templates needed for the synthesis are toxic and highly expensive as well as these organic species enclosed within zeolitic structures can be removed by calcination at high temperatures; this inevitably leads to both energy consumption and environmental pollution.[11,12]
Summary
Zeolites have a porous crystalline aluminosilicate framework and ordered networks of micropores.[1]. Rice husk ash (RHA), rice hull ash (RHuA), rice straw ash (RSA), and the undesirable agricultural mass residues or y ash from coal combustion in power plants can be used as the sources of silica or carbon.[24] Silica extracted from the waste materials by a suitable alkali solution has been previously reported.[25,26] The present methodology of preparation of ZSM-5 zeolite deals with the use of waste materials (RHA, RHuA, and RSA) and other aqua-based precursor materials and involves a combination of heating, leaching, and re ux treatments It will be more advantageous as a low-cost process and bene cial for controlling the environmental pollution as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the rst report on the in vitro cytotoxic effects of various known concentrations of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites against A549 human lung cancer cell lines
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