Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm where Gardnerella vaginalis plays a key role. Previously, we demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM (French National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms) I-3856 is helpful in resolving experimental simulated BV in mice. In this study, we analyzed its capacity to affect G. vaginalis biofilms and to potentiate the activity of standard antimicrobial agents. We also investigated the anti-biofilm activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103), a well-known strain for its intestinal healthy benefits. Biofilm biomass was assessed by crystal violet staining, and G. vaginalis viability was assessed by a colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated that S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as well as L. rhamnosus GG were able (i) to significantly inhibit G. vaginalis biofilm formation, (ii) to markedly reduce G. vaginalis viability among the biomass constituting the biofilm, (iii) to induce disaggregation of preformed biofilm, and (iv) to kill a consistent amount of bacterial cells in a G. vaginalis preformed biofilm. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 strongly potentiates the metronidazole effect on G. vaginalis biofilm viability. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as well as L. rhamnosus GG could be potential novel therapeutic agents against bacterial vaginosis.
Highlights
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis affecting fertile, pregnant, and premenopausal women [1]
Bacterial vaginosis is typically associated with a dramatic reduction of healthy vaginal microbiota, constituted mainly by beneficial D-lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus crispatus, that plays an important role in host defense against pathogens [10,11], and by a simultaneous overgrowth of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria including Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis), Prevotella spp., Atopobium vaginae (A. vaginae), Bacteroides spp., and Mobiluncus spp. [12,13]
We demonstrated, for the first time, that the probiotic yeast S. cerevisiae CNCM (French National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms) I-3856 shows a beneficial effect in resolving experimental BV in mice [49] by interference with G. vaginalis adherence to vaginal epithelial cells (ECs), displacement of G. vaginalis attached to ECs, inhibition of sialidase activity, and reduction of vaginal epithelial exfoliation
Summary
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis affecting fertile, pregnant, and premenopausal women [1]. Bacterial vaginosis is typically associated with a dramatic reduction of healthy vaginal microbiota, constituted mainly by beneficial D-lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus crispatus, that plays an important role in host defense against pathogens [10,11], and by a simultaneous overgrowth of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria including Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis), Prevotella spp., Atopobium vaginae (A. vaginae), Bacteroides spp., and Mobiluncus spp. In vaginal swabs from premenopausal Caucasian women with bacterial vaginosis, L. crispatus was progressively replaced by L. iners [11] that, being unable to produce hydrogen peroxide and D-lactic acid, seems to have a lower protective capacity with respect to the other Lactobacillus spp. In vaginal swabs from premenopausal Caucasian women with bacterial vaginosis, L. crispatus was progressively replaced by L. iners [11] that, being unable to produce hydrogen peroxide and D-lactic acid, seems to have a lower protective capacity with respect to the other Lactobacillus spp. [14]
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