Abstract
Biofilms represent a common and increasingly challenging problem in healthcare practices worldwide, producing persistent and difficult to manage infections. Researchers have started developing antibiotic-free treatment alternatives in order to decrease the risk of resistant microbial strain selection and for the efficient management of antibiotic tolerant biofilm infections. The present study reports the fabrication and characterization of magnetite-based nanostructured coatings for producing biofilm-resistant surfaces. Specifically, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were functionalized with chitosan (CS) and were blended with lysozyme (LyZ) and were deposited using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. A variety of characterization techniques were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of both nanoparticles and nanocoatings. The biological characterization of the coatings assessed through cell viability and antimicrobial tests showed biocompatibility on osteoblasts as well as antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains and no cytotoxic effect against human-cultured diploid cells.
Highlights
As revealed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 65% of all microbial infections and 80% of all chronic infections are associated with biofilm formation [1]
This study presented the successful preparation of a nanomaterial based on chitosan and lysozyme functionalized magnetite, which is intended for future study and application in the biomedical domain
The initial nanopowders were deposited as thin coatings using the matrixassisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique and were further investigated from physicochemical and biological points of view
Summary
As revealed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 65% of all microbial infections and 80% of all chronic infections are associated with biofilm formation [1]. Fe3O4 is one of the most popular types of currently researched nanomaterials, especially due to its special magnetic properties, availability, versatility, eco-friendliness, and low cost Their small size, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity to humans, and possibility for functionalization these bioactive magnetic make these nanostructures recommended for the development of unconventional antimicrobials [27,28,29,30,31]. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1269 origin and convenient biochemical properties (e.g., good tolerability, non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, proper biodegradation rate, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity) make this cationic polymer recommended for various biomedical applications [24,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52]. Wduerhinagvepsreoleccetsesdintghis[1la1s,1e4r]p. rTocheessoinbgtamineetdhondabneoccaoumsepoofsiittsevsewrseartielitiyn,vaebsiltiitgyated ftrooombttahienctohminpaonsdituionnifaolr,mmobriopahcotilvoegcicoaalt,ianngds, baniodlothgeicfaalcpt othinattsitoaflvloiewws tbhyeedmeppolosiytiionngoXf-ray dviifrftruaacltliyoanny(XtRypDe),oftchheermmiocgarlatavrigmeet twrihcilaenmalayinsitsainwinitghthdeifpferorepnetritaielssocfaanlnl tinheg incvaloolvriemdetry (s(bfdDTFeriioTlSGofefmC-arcAIac)tR,ettc-hiDs)tdv,iceoSeaiancsnnCronf(ed)mrX,iaaunsRprrgeceDoialnedesn)lgic,etntmticrphoitonrneirconograrmncloe,demoslmsiecgfsicfooircrtnarprraopgvoycsihntm[cio(1ooImle1pRnot,yr1igMci(4ic(Trc]S)oa.aE,EslnM,cTMcaaeohl-nl)ypleS,dsytAvirosbai(EbaiwSnotDbEsalimioti)Mlnh,giiteFsi)dycd,soi,aitfuorlfnaenarpanrinoneeedsnliroenm-tacctitonartsirsamltoosinsfnmipcsovaofmninoicseinrriewctmoilernebosbgcisiytawnccrlofaoeerplmtnraoeyerrspmeiwtilmsndoii.cvytehsrRteiopnrsseysgetesicc(lguXoeTtalrcp-GttortsyeeaAsddychw-oaipvthye sahroeawenletchtarot nthdeifofrbatcatiinoend(TthEiMn -nSaAnEoDst)r,uFcotuurreiedr-ctroaantisnfogrsmcoinuflrdarbeedcsopnescitdroersecdopfyor(FthTe-IRfu),ture dinefvrealroepdmmeicnrtooscfoapnyti(bIiRoMfil)m, ceslul rvfiaacbeilsi,tys,haonwdianngtigmreicartobpioatletnetsitas.l Rinespurlotssthhaevteicsshaonwdnrtehgaetneratthieveobmtaeidneicdinthei.n nanostructured coatings could be considered for the future development of antibiofilm surfaces, showing great potential in prosthetics and regenerative medicine
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