Abstract
The evolution of regulations concerning biocidal products aimed towards an increased protection of the environment (e.g., EU Regulation No 528/2012) requires the development of new non-toxic anti-fouling (AF) systems. As the marine environment is an important source of inspiration, such AF systems inhibiting the adhesion of organisms without any toxicity could be based on molecules of natural origin. In this context, the antibiofilm potential of tropical microalgal extracts was investigated. The tropics are particularly interesting in terms of solar energy and temperatures which provide a wide marine diversity and a high production of microalgae. Twenty microalgal strains isolated from the Indian Ocean were studied. Their extracts were characterized in terms of global chemical composition by high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, toxicity against marine bacteria (viability and growth) and anti-adhesion effect. The different observations made by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed a significant activity of three extracts from Dinoflagellate strains against the settlement of selected marine bacteria without any toxicity at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The Symbiodinium sp. (P-78) extract inhibited the adhesion of Bacillus sp. 4J6 (Atlantic Ocean), Shewanella sp. MVV1 (Indian Ocean) and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica TC8 (Mediterranean Ocean) at 60, 76 and 52%, respectively. These results underlined the potential of using microalgal extracts to repel fouling organisms.
Highlights
The recent regulation concerning the use of biocidal agents (EU Regulation No 528/2012 known as Biocidal Product Regulation (PBR)) in antifouling (AF) systems requires a higher level of environmental protection [1]
Chen et al have recently proposed the incorporation of butenolide, a furanone derivative isolated from a marine Streptomyces, in various AF paint formulations [4]
Despite the abundant literature on the antibacterial activity of various organisms from Indian Ocean [24,25,26,27,28,29], no study reports the use of tropical microalgae as a source of anti-bioadhesion agents against fouling bacteria
Summary
The recent regulation concerning the use of biocidal agents (EU Regulation No 528/2012 known as Biocidal Product Regulation (PBR)) in antifouling (AF) systems requires a higher level of environmental protection [1]. Chen et al have recently proposed the incorporation of butenolide, a furanone derivative isolated from a marine Streptomyces, in various AF paint formulations [4]. This natural compound has shown a strong antifouling activity against larval settlement of barnacles, bryozoans and polychaetes with low toxicity [5,6,7]. Despite the abundant literature on the antibacterial activity of various organisms from Indian Ocean [24,25,26,27,28,29], no study reports the use of tropical microalgae as a source of anti-bioadhesion agents against fouling bacteria. The selection of extracts was guided by the absence of toxicity and a significant anti-bioadhesion effect to better respect the regulatory evolution
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