Abstract
To the Editor.—In response to Harken and Harken's1article in the December 1989 issue of theArchives, I find the sweeping statement ... the biological sciences are bereft of relevance without animal validation and experimentation to be quite open to question. Many colleagues who rely on clinical observation and research would disagree. implication that animal research has made our world dramatically more civilized and humane is grossly incorrect. Melvin Konner,2in a recentNew England Journal of Medicinebook review, states, The great declines in mortality from infectious diseases preceded the development of antibiotics and even most vaccines; they resulted instead from changes in sanitation, nutrition, and other socioeconomic measures. Vincent J. Knapp3states, The initial decline of tuberculosis within European society was evidently not the result of any medical miracle... the disease was in eclipse because of rising levels of immunity within the general population
Published Version
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